by winston » Tue Aug 11, 2009 12:05 pm
The Real Reasons for China's Real Estate Boom
Since March, housing prices in 70 major Chinese cities have stopped declining and begun to rise. But why has China seen such a strong rebound in its real estate market this year?
Estate sales area is also rising. In the first half of 2009, estate sales area in China rose 31.7% year on year. Sales area grew more than 100% in Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Tianjin and Suzhou.
Despite the existence of rigid demand for housing, two of the real reasons for the current boom in the real estate market are speculation and "land financing." provided by the local authorities.
The central government was once determined to control housing prices to promote social harmony. In early 2008, due to the strict supervision over both the real estate market and the banking system, speculation was restricted and house prices fell. However, when the country was hit by the global recession and supervision was loosened as part of the government's economic stimulus package, speculation began again.
The other factor is "land financing." Most of the local authorities in China rely on the sales of land as well as the ensuing construction fees and taxes for revenue. According to a report released by the China Federation of Industry & Commerce in March 2009, fees paid to the government, comprising the land purchase plus fees and taxes, account for 49.4% of a real estate company's total costs. Therefore, local authorities are glad to see a boom in the real estate sector.
In 2009, China's Zhejiang Province, an eastern coastal province adjacent to Shanghai, became the first to experience a revival in speculation. Beginning in January, Zhejiang's four major state-owned banks began to loosen the requirements for housing loans even though the China Banking Regulatory Commission admonished them to obey the rules released in 2008.
As a result, sales volume and prices in Zhejiang's major cities approached record high levels. In Hangzhou, sales volume reached 1.7 million square meters in May 2009, falling only slightly short of the record 1.8 million square meters sold in December 2007.
When a similar phenomenon emerged in China's other provinces, the surging figures in the real estate sector were judged to be signs of China's economic recovery because real estate investment made up 10.2% of China's GDP. Furthermore, the growth of the real estate industry boosts the development of several other industries, such as building materials, home appliances manufacturing, metallurgy, and mining.
The situation may be complex. A slowdown in manufacturing may influence the real estate market, because China has a binary economic system in which one part is usually hot while the other is cold. Was there a slowdown in manufacturing?
In May 2009, statistics from the National Statistic Bureau indicated that China's value-added industrial output grew by 8.9% year on year. However, this figure is incompatible with the growth rate of power generation released by the State Grid, which was -3.5%. Nor did the oil consumption volume coincide with the value-added industrial output data.
The strength of China's manufacturing industry can be judged according to the level of foreign trade. In the first five months of 2009, China's exports dropped 21.8%, while its imports dropped 28.0%. Declining imports indicate that manufacturing is slowing since most of China's imports are primary products and raw materials that are used for production.
When the investment environment in the industrial sector worsens, more money will go into real estate as well as into the stock market for better returns, thus pushing the housing prices and stock indices higher. According to data from the People's Bank of China, in the period from April to May of this year, the nation's total loans to enterprises in the industrial sector decreased by RMB 104.6 billion, while the medium and long-term consumption loans increased by RMB 187.1 billion. In China, most medium and long-term consumption loans are used for housing.
Another factor which pushes money into the real estate market is the public's anticipation of inflation. In the first five months of 2009, China's loans increased by RMB 5.8 trillion, exceeding the amount projected for the entire year. The fear of inflation prompts people to buy houses rather than hold cash.
In short, China's real estate market has been boosted by speculation, "land financing," manufacturing slowdowns, and fear of inflation. Since all of these factors are expected to persist for a year or more, the boom in the real estate sector is likely to continue.
Source: China Knowledge
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